Publication record
Artificial intelligence as a pedagogical companion for STEM research learning in higher education
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Source: OpenAlex
Last checked: 2026-10-11 12:41:02
Abstract
In many higher education contexts, particularly across Africa, the process of learning how to conduct research in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) remains both cognitively demanding and structurally under-supported. Students often encounter limited supervision, delayed feedback, and minimal mentoring, conditions that restrict their growth as independent researchers. The widening gap between students and academic mentors has created frustration, anxiety, and disengagement. This paper rethinks STEM research learning in higher education by considering the emerging role of artificial intelligence (AI) as a pedagogical companion rather than a replacement for human instruction. Drawing on peer-reviewed literature, the paper conceptually discusses how AI-powered tools can serve as companions in research-based learning, including real-time support, cognitive scaffolding, writing assistance, and iterative feedback. Guided by Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development and Cognitive Apprenticeship Theories, the paper considers how AI might enable students to access intellectual companionship in the absence of immediate supervision. The discussion spans access, equity, ethical use, epistemological risks, and the socio-technical realities of AI integration in African higher education institutions. It discusses implications for policy, pedagogy, and capacity building. The paper advocates flexible, student-responsive research support ecosystems where AI technologies enhance, rather than replace, human pedagogical relationships. It positions AI as a complementary aid that can mediate the distance between curiosity and research mastery in STEM education.
Keywords
STEM research learning; artificial intelligence; higher education; pedagogical companion; Africa; supervision; academic writing